Talmud su I Samuele 16:78

¹¹²This text is part of a longer text found in Soṭah 8:3, Notes 69–92 (L. Ginzberg, Yerushalmi Fragments from the Genizah, New York 1909, p. 214), and, what seems to be the original source, Šeqalim 6:1, 49c l. 52 ff., Babli editio princeps 9d l. 21. Only the biblical quotes and major deviations from the Sotah text are noted here. It was stated: Rebbi Jehudah bar Ilai says: The anointing oil made by Moses on the Mountain¹¹³In Sotah and Šeqalim: “in the desert.” The place is not mentioned in B. was from beginning to end a series of miracles since there were only twelve log to start with, as it was said: and olive oil one hin¹¹⁴Ex. 30:24.. It would not have been enough to rub the wooden planks with it; so much more since the fire swallows, the kettle swallows, wood absorbs! From it the Tabernacle and all its vessels were anointed, the altar and all its vessels, the candelabra and all its vessels, the wash basin and its base. From it Aaron the High Priest and his sons were anointed all of the seven days of induction; from it all high priests and kings were anointed. A king who is first needs anointing; a king who is a king’s son does not need anointing, for it is said: Do anoint him, for this one is it¹¹⁵1S. 16:12., this one needs anointing, but his son does not need anointing. But a High Priest who is the son of a High Priest needs anointing even for ten generations. Nevertheless, it is there for the future, as it was said: a holy anointing oil will this be for Me, for all your generations¹¹⁶Ex. 30:31..

⁶⁴Babli Keritut 5a. The preparation of the anointing oil. “Take for yourself select spices: Flowing myrrh 500, etc., and casia 500 in Temple sheqel, altogether 1500 parts⁶⁵Ex. 30:23–24. The amounts given there are myrrh 500, cinnamon half the weight, 250, spice sticks 250, casia 500 in the holy šeqel weight, together 1500 (šeqel). The Babli notes that the verse could be translated: “myrrh 500, the half of the cinnamon weight 250, spice sticks 250; casia 500 in the holy šeqel weight,” for a total of either 2000 or 1750. The baraita shows that the traditional interpretation is as given first. A similar argument must be understood in the Yerushalmi.
It is impossible to translate מנה as “mina” since the holy šeqel by archeological evidence was between 13.77 and 14.28 g (Y. Meshorer, Ancient Means of Exchange, Weights and Coins, Haifa 1998), practically equal to the official weight of a tetradrachma. In the tradition of the Babli, the holy šeqel was twice the weight of the common šeqel; in Babylonian weight this would make it about 18 g. (In any case, spices in the weight of at least 21 kg are a large quantity for only 6.4 liters of oil.) But a mina is defined in the Talmudim as 100 tetradrachmas. This is out of line with the small amount of oil used. It may be that the word “mina”, which is missing in the parallel Babli text, is an intrusion from the baraita on the preparation of the holy incense of which 365 portions were prepared for an entire year at once and where all weights, missing in the biblical text, are indicated in minas [Yoma 4:5 (41d line 27), Babli Keritut6a].. “And olive oil one hin,” that is twelve log⁶⁶The log is the Roman sextarius, cf. Berakhot 3:4, Note 164. 12 log are three quarters of a modius or about 6.4 liter., in which the roots were cooked, the words of Rebbi Meïr. Rebbi Jehudah says, they cooked in water, then poured the oil on them, and when it had absorbed the fragrance one removed it, just as the perfumers do. That is what is written: “Make it into holy anointing oil.⁶⁷Ex. 30:25.” “That will be for Me for your generations.⁶⁸Ex. 30:31.” It was stated, ⁶⁹Babli Keritut 5a/b. Rebbi Jehudah bar Ilaï says: The anointing oil made by Moses in the desert was from the start to the end a work of wonders, since there were only twelve log to start with, as it was said, “and olive oil one hin⁷⁰Ex. 30:24.”. It would not have been enough to rub the wooden planks with it; so much more since the fire swallows, wood absorbs, and the kettle absorbs! From it the Tabernacles and all its vessels were anointed, the table and its vessels, the candelabra and all its vessels. From it Aaron and his sons were anointed all of the seven days of induction, from it all high priests and kings were anointed. A king who is first needs anointing, a king who is a king’s son does not need anointing, for it is said⁷¹1Sam. 16:12.: “Do anoint him, for this one is it,” this one needs anointing but his son does not need anointing. But a High Priest who is the son of a High Priest needs anointing, even for ten generations⁷²Lev. 6:13, 21:10. The same statement in Babli Keritut 5a, Horaiot 11b.. Nevertheless, it is all there for the future, as it was said, “a holy anointing oil will this⁷³In the Babli, an amoraic gloss in this baraita of R. Jehudah notes that the numerical value of ז̇ה̇ “this” is 12, implying that all 12 log remain for the Lord. be for Me, for all your generations.⁶⁸Ex. 30:31.”

⁷⁷A parallel to the entire paragraph is in the Babli, Keritut 5b. One anoints kings only at a spring, as it was said⁷⁸1K. 1:33–34.: “Let Solomon, my son, ride on my mule and take him down to the Giḥon; there Ṣadoq the priest and Nathan the prophet shall anoint him, etc.” One anoints kings only because of disputes. Why was Solomon anointed? Because of the dispute of Adoniahu; Joash because of Athaliah, Jehu because of Joram. Is it not written⁷¹1Sam. 16:12.: “Do anoint him, for this one is it,” this one needs anointing, but the kings of Israel do not need anointing⁷⁹There is no indication that Yehu was anointed with the oil deposited in Jerusalem.! But Joaḥaz because of his brother Joakim who was two years his elder⁸⁰In 2K. 23:31,36 and 2Chr. 36:2,5 it is noted that Joaḥaz was 23 years old in the same year in which Joakim was 25. Cf. Seder ‘Olam, Chapter 24 (in the author’s edition, pp. 213–215); Babli Arakhin 12a.. But did not Josiahu hide it⁸¹As indicated in the previous paragraph. Then Josiah’s son could not have been anointed with the oil made by Moses. The explanation given here is in the Babli, Horaiot 11b, in the name of the later Amora Rav Papa.? That means, they anointed with balsamum. One anoints kings only from a horn. Saul and Jehu were anointed from a can because their kingdom was temporary; David and Solomon were anointed from a horn because their kingdom was permanent⁸²Quoted in Babli, Megillah 14a, Keritut 6a.. One does not anoint priests as kings⁸³The Maccabean kings were anointed as High Priests, not as kings.. Rebbi Yudan Antordiyya said, because of “the scepter shall not be removed from Jehudah⁸⁴Gen. 49:10.”. Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Ada said, because “he shall have many days of his kingdom, he and his sons in the midst of Israel⁸⁵Deut. 7:20, last verse in the chapter..” What is written after that? “The levitic Cohanim should not.⁸⁶Deut. 8:1.”

MISHNAH: Samuel was a nazir following the words of Rebbi Nahorai, as it is said: “A shaving knife shall not come on his head¹⁸⁷1S. 1:11..” It is said about Samson “a shaving knife¹⁸⁸Jud. 13:5”, and it is said about Samuel “a shaving knife”. Since “a shaving knife” mentioned for Samson refers to nazir¹⁸⁸Jud. 13:5, so “a shaving knife” mentioned for Samuel refers to nazir. Rebbi Yose said, but fear¹⁸⁹Reading מוֹרָא (root ירא) “fear” for מוֹרָה (root possibly مار) “shaving knife”. is only of flesh and blood! Rebbi Nahorai answered him: Was it not said: “Samuel said, how can I go? Will not Saul hear of it and kill me?¹⁹⁰1S. 16:2.” The fear¹⁹¹In most Mishnah mss., the reading here also is מוֹרָה. of flesh and blood already was on him.